Amit Kumar

Operating System: - An operating system is a system software which is used to operate a computer its work as an interface between user and machine it’s may enabled to computer hardware. In other word we can say that “ An operating system is a program that acts as an interface between the user and the computer hardware and controls the execution of all kinds of programs . ” An O perating System  or  OS  is a software program that enables the computer  hardware  to communicate and operate with the computer  software . Without a computer operating system, a computer and software programs would be useless Some popular Operating Systems include UNIX Linux, Windows,ANDROIDetc. Types of Operarting system:-                Single user Single Tasking              Single user Multitasking              Multiuser Multitasking 

There are so many different types of computer networks in existence; it can be hard to understand the differences between them, particularly the ones with very similar-sounding names. This lesson explains the structures and functions of some of the most popular computer networks. Types of Networks There are several different types of computer networks. Computer networks can be characterized by their size as well as their purpose. The size of a network can be expressed by the geographic area they occupy and the number of computers that are part of the network. Networks can cover anything from a handful of devices within a single room to millions of devices spread across the entire globe. Some of the different networks based on size are: Personal area network, or PAN Local area network, or LAN Metropolitan area network, or MAN Wide area network, or WAN In terms of purpose, many networks can be considered general purpose, which means they are used f

Types of Network Connections Computer networks can be broken down historically into topology , which is a technique of connecting computers. The most common topology today is a collapsed ring. This is due to the success of a network protocol called the Ethernet. This protocol, or network language, supports the Internet, Local Area Networks, and Wide Area Networks. Star Topology A star topology is a design of a network where a central node extends a cable to each computer on the network. On a star network, computers are connected independently to the center of the network. If a cable is broken, the other computers can operate without problems. A star topology requires a lot of cabling. Bus Topology A bus topology is another type of design where a single cable connects all computers and the information intended for the last node on the network must run through each connected computer. If a cable is broken, all computers connected down the line cannot reach the network. The be

A computer network is a set of computers connected together for the purpose of sharing resources. The most common resource shared today is connection to the Internet. Other shared resources can include a printer or a file server.   A  computer network is a system in which multiple computers are connected to each other to share information and resources. Characteristics of a Computer Network:- ·         Share resources from one computer to another. ·         Create files and store them in one computer, access those files from the other computer(s) connected over the network. ·         Connect a printer, scanner, or a fax machine to one computer within the network and let other computers of the network use the machines available over the network. A  computer network  is a set of connected computers. Computers on a network are called  nodes . The connection between computers can be done via cabling, most commonly the Ethernet cable, or wireless through radio waves. Connect

Computer memory   is any physical device capable of storing information temporarily or permanently. And hierarchy means a system in which members of an organization or society are ranked according to relative status or authority is called hierarchy. So we can say that “In computer architecture the  memory hierarchy is a concept used to discuss performance issues in computer architectural design, The memory hierarchy in computer storage separates each of its levels based on response time.” Register: - A processor  register  (CPU  register ) is one of a small set of data holding places that are part of the computer processor. ... For example, an instruction may specify that the contents of two defined registers  be added together and then placed in a specified  register . Cache memory:- - Cache memory is a very high speed semiconductor memory which can speed up the CPU. It acts as a buffer between the CPU and the main memory. It is used to hold those parts of data and p

Memory is an essential elements of computer system memory can be defined as "devices used to stored data instruction program and processed it inside the computer system . A memory is just like a human brain. It is used to store data and instructions. Computer memory is the storage space in the computer, where data is to be processed and instructions required for processing are stored. In other word we can say that "Computer memory is any physical device capable of storing information temporarily or permanently". Computer memory is three types:- 1. Cache memory 2. Primary memory 3. Secondary memory. 1. cache Memory - Cache memory is a very high speed semiconductor memory which can speed up the CPU. It acts as a buffer between the CPU and the main memory. It is used to hold those parts of data and program which are most frequently used by the CPU.  Advantages The advantages of cache memory are as follows − Cache memory is faster than main me